Sambucus (elder or elderberry) is a genus of 5 to 30 species of shrubs or small trees. The genus is native in temperate-to – subtropical regions. It is more widespread in the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere.

They bear large clusters of small white or cream-colored flowers in late spring. These are followed by clusters of small black, blue-blac or red berries and rarely yellow or white berries.

The flowers of sambucus nigra are used to produce elderflower cordial. The French, Austrians and Central Europeans produce elderflower syrup from an extract of elderflower blossoms. This is added to pancake mixes instead of blueberries.

People of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe make a syrup which is diluted with water and used as a drink. Shakota a soft drink based on this syrup is marketed by Fanta in 15 countries worldwide.

French liqueur St. Germain is made from elderflowers. Hallands Fläder is flavoured with elderflower. The Italian liqueur Sambuca is flavored with oil obtained from the elderflower.

In Germany, yogurt desserts are made with both the berries and the flowers. wines, cordials, and marmalades are produced from the flowers or the berries. Fruit pies are produced from the berries.

In Romania, a slightly fermented soft beverage “socata” is traditionally produced by letting the flowers macerate, with water, yeast and lemon for 2-3 days.

Black elderberry has been used medicinally for hundreds of years. They are useful treating the flu, alleviating allergies, and boosting the health of the respiratory organs. Branches from the Elder are also used to make uniquely Slovakian flutes.

Herbal teas made with elderberry leaves should be treated with caution since there are cases of cyanide poisoning related to elderberries. Ripe, cooked berries of most species are edible and safe.